diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'content/articles/ev-crash-course.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | content/articles/ev-crash-course.md | 179 |
1 files changed, 50 insertions, 129 deletions
diff --git a/content/articles/ev-crash-course.md b/content/articles/ev-crash-course.md index 5e71baa..17c7044 100644 --- a/content/articles/ev-crash-course.md +++ b/content/articles/ev-crash-course.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ --- title: "EV Crash Course" slug: ev-crash-course +date: "2021-10-17" draft: true --- -## Reading Electric Vehicle Specs +## Reading EV Specs |Vehicle Type|Efficiency|Capacity|Capacity Unit| |------------|----------|--------|----| @@ -22,18 +23,22 @@ sure to pay attention to the units. The EPA has a database of EV efficiency, battery capacity, and standardized test results available at [fueleconomy.gov][epa]. -For reference, here is the efficiency and range information for [my -car][epa-car] and [Nadine's car][epa-ioniq] from [fueleconomy.gov][epa]. +Here are the efficiency and range ratings from [fueleconomy.gov][epa] +for the vehicles used in the examples below: +##### EPA Efficiency and Range Ratings |Model|Efficiency|Capacity|Range (miles)| -|-----|----------|--------|-------------| -|[2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD][epa-car]|290 Wh/mi|75 kWh|310 mi| -|[2017 Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid][epa-ioniq]|55 MPG|11.9 gallons|650 mi| +|-----|----------|--------|------------:| +|[2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD][epa-model3]|290 Wh/mi|75 kWh|310 mi| +|[2017 Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid][epa-ioniq]|55 MPG|11.9 gallons|**650 mi**| +|[2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E Standard RWD][epa-mach-e]|340 Wh/mi|230 mi| +|[2020 Hyundai Kona EV][epa-kona]|280 Wh/mi|258 mi| -## EV Chargers (EVSEs) +## Chargers EV chargers (aka [EVSEs][evse]) are grouped into three categories by power output, measured in kilowatts (kW): +##### Charger Types |Type|Charging Speed (mi/hr)|Power (kW)|Efficiency (%)|Time (50 Miles)|Time (90% SoC)|Time (100% SoC)| |----|---------------------:|---------:|-------------:|-------:|--:|---:| |Level 1 (L1)|5 mi/hr|1.2 kW|85%|10 hours|57 hours|63 hours| @@ -42,22 +47,14 @@ output, measured in kilowatts (kW): Columns: -* Type: Charger Type Name. -* Charging Speed: The number of miles of range per hour I gain in my car - for this type of charger. I like to use this instead of kW because - it's easier for people to think about than kW or kWh. -* Efficiency: Energy efficiency for this type of charger, expressed as a - percentage and calculated as the difference between the energy from - the wall minus the energy that reaches the battery, divided by the - energy from the wall (`(Ew - Eb)/Ew`). -* 50 Miles: Time to gain 50 miles of range in my car using this type - of charger. I included this column because [most Americans drive less - than 40 miles per day](https://www.bts.gov/archive/publications/passenger_travel_2015/chapter2a). -* 90% Charge: Time to charge from 0 to 90% in my car using this type - of charger. I included this column because you don't charge EVs to - 100% except on long trips. -* Full Charge: Time to charge from 0 to 100% in my car using this type - of charger. +|Column Name|Column Description| +|-----------|------------------| +|Type|Name and abbreviation.| +|Charging Speed (mi/hr)|The number of miles of range per hour I gain in my car for this type of charger. I like to use this instead of kW because it's easier for people to think about than kW or kWh.| +|Efficiency|Energy efficiency for this type of charger, expressed as a percentage and calculated as the difference between the energy from the wall minus the energy that reaches the battery, divided by the energy from the wall (`(Ew - Eb)/Ew`).| +|50 Miles|Time to gain 50 miles of range in my car using this type of charger. I included this column because [most Americans drive less than 40 miles per day](https://www.bts.gov/archive/publications/passenger_travel_2015/chapter2a).| +|90% Charge|Time to charge from 0 to 90% in my car using this type of charger. I included this column because you don't charge EVs to 100% except on long trips.| +|Full Charge|Time to charge from 0 to 100% in my car using this type of charger.| The [Alternative Fuels Data Center][afdc] has a [great summary of EV chargers](https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_infrastructure.html#level2). @@ -85,7 +82,7 @@ Virginia at $0.13/kWh and 85% efficiency, I pay: |90% Charge (270 miles)|$10.32|67.5 kWh| |100% Charge (310 miles)|$11.48|75 kWh| -Here is a cost per mile comparison of [my car][epa-car] using home Level 1 +Here is a cost per mile comparison of [my car][epa-model3] using home Level 1 charging versus [Nadine's car][epa-ioniq], assuming $0.13/kWh for electricity and [$3.189/gallon](https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=VA) for gasoline: @@ -93,8 +90,8 @@ gasoline: ##### Cost Per Mile Comparison, Home Level 1 Charger |Vehicle|Energy Source|Unit Price|Cost per Mile| |-------|-------------|---------:|------------:| -|Nadine|Gasoline|$3.189/gallon|$0.0580| -|Paul|Home L1 EVSE|$0.13/kWh|**$0.0444**| +|[2017 Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid][epa-ioniq]|Gasoline|$3.189/gallon|$0.0580| +|[2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD][epa-model3]|Home L1 EVSE|$0.13/kWh|**$0.0444**| ### Level 2 Chargers Level 2 chargers are 240V, 30A-50A lines with a [J1772][] connector that @@ -127,40 +124,16 @@ inspection (if necessary). |90% Charge (270 miles)|$9.23|67.5 kWh| |100% Charge (310 miles)|$10.27|75 kWh| -Here is a cost per mile comparison of [my car][car-epa] using home Level 2 -charging versus [Nadine's car][epa-ioniq], assuming $0.13/kWh for -electricity and [$3.189/gallon](https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=VA) for -gasoline: +Here is a cost per mile comparison of [my car][epa-model3] using home +Level 2 charging versus [Nadine's car][epa-ioniq], assuming $0.13/kWh +for electricity and [$3.189/gallon](https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=VA) +for gasoline: - -<table> - <caption>Cost Per Mile Comparison, Home Level 2 Charger</caption> - - <thead> - <tr> - <th>Vehicle</th> - <th>Energy Source</th> - <th>Unit Price</th> - <th>Cost per Mile</th> - </tr> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <tr> - <td>Nadine</td> - <td>Gasoline</td> - <td>$3.189/gallon</td> - <td>$0.0580</td> - </tr> - - <td> - <td>Paul</td> - <td>Home L2 EVSE</td> - <td>$0.13/kWh</td> - <td><b>$0.0398</b></td> - </td> - </tbody> -</table> +##### Cost Per Mile Comparison, Home Level 2 Charger +Vehicle|Energy Source|Unit Price|Cost per Mile| +|------|-------------|---------:|------------:| +|[2017 Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid][epa-ioniq]|Gasoline|$3.189/gallon|$0.0580| +|[2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD][epa-model3]|Home L2 EVSE|$0.13/kWh|**$0.0398**| ### Level 3 Chargers Level 3 chargers, also known as DC Fast Chargers (DCFC), charge EVs @@ -276,13 +249,13 @@ I said that I was sure driving to from Eugene to Port Angeles in an EV would be fine, and listed several fast charging stations along I-5. You can see what the route for a trip from Eugene to Port Angeles would -look like in [my car][epa-car] via [A Better Route Planner (ABRP)][abrp] +look like in [my car][epa-model3] via [A Better Route Planner (ABRP)][abrp] at the following URL: <https://abetterrouteplanner.com/?plan_uuid=e5c6eab0-e5fc-41e5-b730-4e808d8d4777> So fastest way to travel from Eugene, OR to Port Angeles, WA in [my -car][epa-car] is: +car][epa-model3] is: * one 6 minute stop in Vancouver, WA, and * one 11 minute stop in Tumwater, WA. @@ -303,32 +276,12 @@ Anyway, the given the [average cost of gasoline in Lane County ($3.746)](https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=OR), and a distance of 339 miles: -<table> - <caption>Eugene, OR to Port Angeles, WA</caption> - - <thead> - <th>Car</th> - <th>Stops (#)</th> - <th>Stops (min)</th> - <th>Cost</th> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <tr> - <td>Nadine</td> - <td>0</td> - <td>0</td> - <td>$23.09</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Paul</td> - <td>2</td> - <td>17</td> - <td><b>$10.48</b></td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> +##### Eugene, OR to Port Angeles, WA + +|Vehicle|Stops (#)|Stops (min)|Cost| +|-------|--------:|----------:|---:| +|Nadine|**0**|**0**|$23.09| +|Paul|2|17|**$10.48**| ### Long Distance Driving (non-Tesla) @@ -368,57 +321,25 @@ The fastest way to travel from Eugene, OR to Port Angeles, WA in a * one 24 minute stop in Olympia, WA. The total cost of energy would be $18.55 (less expensive than [Nadine's -car][epa-ioniq], but still not as good as [my car][epa-car]). +car][epa-ioniq], but still not as good as [my car][epa-model3]). Here is how all the cars stack up: -<table> - <caption>Eugene, OR to Port Angeles, WA</caption> - - <thead> - <th>Car</th> - <th>Stops (#)</th> - <th>Stops (min)</th> - <th>Cost</th> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <tr> - <td>2017 Hyundia Ioniq Hybrid</td> - <td>0</td> - <td>0</td> - <td>$23.09</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD</td> - <td>2</td> - <td>17</td> - <td><b>$10.48</b></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E RWD</td> - <td>2</td> - <td>51</td> - <td>$23.27</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>2020 Hyundia Kona EV</td> - <td>2</td> - <td>38</td> - <td>$18.55</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> +##### Eugene, OR to Port Angeles, WA +|Vehicle|Stops (#)|Stops (min)|Cost| +|-------|--------:|----------:|---:| +|[2017 Hyundia Ioniq Hybrid][epa-ioniq]|**0**|**0**|$23.09| +|[2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD][epa-model3]|2|17|**$10.48**| +|[2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E RWD][epa-mach-e]|2|51|$23.27| +|[2020 Hyundia Kona EV][epa-kona]|2|38|$18.55| Tesla Model Y LR AWD: + <https://abetterrouteplanner.com/?plan_uuid=fc1707aa-ef81-42db-a4f6-4991ff43224d> [epa]: https://fueleconomy.gov/ "EPA fuel economy" -[epa-car]: https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=41190 +[epa-model3]: https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=41190 "2019 Tesla Model 3 LR AWD (my car)" [epa-ioniq]: https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/38484.shtml "2017 Hyundia Ioniq Hybrid (Nadine's car)" |